In selecting the kind of guitar you want to learn, you need to know what is the kind of music you want to play. Guitars basically fall simple categories, Acoustic or Electrical.
Acoustic Guitars
These kind of guitars usually have a hollow body and made from various types of wood and are simpler to play that electric guitars. They can be categorized as below:
Classical: Warm and full body with a mellow sound. Its more delicate and utilizes nylon strings and so its softer on the fingers. its narrow flat body makes it easier to play and so is a favorite among new beginners. This guitar is a favorite of the Spanish guitar and Flemenco
Steel string: Music from this guitar is generally louder It utilizes metal strings and the string tension is stronger on this guitar. This guitar is a favorite for rock, pop or country
Electric Guitars
These guitars are made from solid wood and rely on amplifiers to produce sound. the strings are much thinner than in the acoustic guitar due to the fact that and amplifier is used so you dont need to have strong strings for sound. These guitars though tend to be more expensive than the acoustic guitar and you would need to purchase the full equipment with it to produce sound. Its usually played with a pick but some play it with their fingers
Acoustic-Electric
The best of both worlds. A mix between the electric and the acoustic guitars. This guitar is similar to the steel string acoustic but can also be plugged to an amplifier as with the electric guitars. These guitars are used mainly for classical and folk music but these guitars are very flexible.
the above information is just a baseline on the kind of guitars out there and the music they produce however in selecting the guitar you want to play, do not only base it on price but also on the kind of music you want to play. Go to a music store and hold the different guitars and see which one you feel more comfortable with and you connect with. Play it and feel it and then make a decision on what kind of guitar you want to buy.